b'After thePatents ExpireOff-patent genetics offer opportunities for independent seed companies.By Aimee Nielson, Seed World U.S. EditorTHE SEED INDUSTRYstands on the cusp of a transforma-tive shift as key corn trait patents near expiration, creating ripples that are likely to reshape the competitive landscape. Traits like Herculex I (TC1507) and Herculex RW (DAS-59122-7), known for their robust insect resistance, are poised to go off-patent in 2025. This timeline marks the opening of a window for smaller seed companies to access genetic technologies that have been the stronghold of major agribusinesses for decades. The expiration of these patents doesn\'t just level the playing fieldit introduces new variables into the already intricate cal-culus of seed innovation, pricing, and regulatory dynamics.The implications are profound. With foundational traits becoming available for generic use, companies that have long operated in the shadow of giants like Corteva and Bayer sud-denly find themselves armed with tools to develop their own proprietary hybrids. This democratization of biotechnology could ignite a wave of creativity, where smaller firms push boundaries to create niche solutions tailored to specific markets or regions. At the same time, the market may see an influx of "me-too" productslower-cost alternatives that compete directly with branded seeds. While this promises savings for growers, it could also raise concerns about stewardship, as more players in the field increase the risk of misuse or overuse of these traits.Yet, not all is straightforward in this brave new world. The expiration of patents doesn\'t mean an immediate free-for-all; regulatory barriers, licensing of genetic stacks, and the practi-cal complexities of trait incorporation still loom large. Moreover, companies must grapple with the challenge of maintaining efficacy in the face of rising pest resistance. Traits like Viptera (MIR162), set to expire in 2027, are already critical in managing above-ground pestsbut as generic versions flood the market, the temptation to overdeploy these technologies could hasten resistance, threatening long-term sustainability.This convergence of opportunity and challenge paints a complex picture. On one hand, the expiration of patents democ-ratizes access to cutting-edge traits, fostering competition and 12/ SEEDWORLD.COMJANUARY 2025'