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“There are more than 250 corn traditional, locally adapted 
varieties (known as landraces) stored in gene banks, but breed­
ing programs typically rely on just two or three. That means 
a vast amount of genetic diversity — especially from tropical 
germplasm — remains largely untapped,” Xu says.
The work is painstaking. Researchers spend years cross­
ing wild species into corn, then repeatedly backcrossing those 
traits into elite breeding material. Some early generations barely 
resemble modern corn at all. Yet the effort may prove increas­
ingly valuable as breeders search for new sources of insect resist­
ance, heat tolerance and grain quality.
That possibility is moving from theory to reality. Xu said 
the challenge now is scaling it. But scaling plant breeding 
innovation involves more than producing better varieties. The 
profession also needs the public to understand what breeders 
are doing and why it matters — plant breeding has a visibility 
problem.
Being Seen
That’s one of the first things Hannah Jeffery wants to tackle as 
she steps into her new role as chair of the NAPB’s communica­
tions committee. The challenge isn’t a lack of innovation. It’s 
making sure people understand the work that’s already happen­
ing.
Jeffery says one of her biggest priorities is creating a more 
consistent communications strategy that showcases both the 
science and the people behind it. She also hopes to broaden 
the conversation by creating opportunities for more voices to 
participate and by encouraging discussion around timely topics 
affecting the profession.
Those conversations are especially important because she 
believes one misunderstanding continues to dominate public 
perception: GMOs.
“A lot of people (think of) GMOs as everything that hasn’t 
been conventionally bred,” she says. “But, also gene editing 
products and transgenic products, when really those are three 
different things.”
Jeffery says plant breeders have an opportunity to bring 
more nuance into those discussions.
Conventional breeding has shaped agriculture for centuries, 
but newer technologies have overshadowed much of that history 
in the public conversation. At the same time, she doesn’t shy 
away from difficult questions. She welcomes them.
People should ask questions about new technologies, she 
says, while also understanding that significant regulatory 
oversight already exists. If she had only 60 seconds on national 
television to make the case for public plant breeding, she knows 
exactly where she’d start.
“We have to invest in plant breeding because we do magic,” 
she says.
Her example goes all the way back to teosinte, the ancestor 
of modern corn.
“Look at how we’ve taken this tiny little thing called teo­
sinte and brought it into sweet corn and dent corn and all these 
different kinds of corn that feed the world,” she says.
The work happening in laboratories, greenhouses and 
research plots directly influences the future of food, sustainabil­
ity and agricultural productivity.
“We’ve got a lot of really smart people that are able to make 
the appropriate decisions at the right time using the right 
resources, and we just need to be able to carry out this mission 
that we have, which is helping people by feeding them,” she says.
Technology and Change
Plant breeding has changed dramatically as new technolo­
gies allow scientists to see crops in ways that were impossible 
decades ago. Cornell University professor Dr. Mark Sorrells, 
recipient of the 2025 NAPB Lifetime Achievement Award, 
has watched that transformation unfold over more than four 
decades. Today, breeders can identify “the individual genes, the 
gene sequences” and genetic characteristics that cannot be seen 
visually. As Sorrells puts it, technology “really facilitates being 
able to see and understand things that you couldn’t before.”
Yet some of Sorrells’ work looks to the past for solutions to 
modern agricultural challenges. He has spent years authenticat­
ing century-old heritage wheat varieties developed before Green 
Revolution genetics and widespread synthetic nitrogen ferti­
lizer. Because those varieties were grown under lower-fertility 
conditions, their genetics could offer clues for breeding crops 
that use nitrogen more efficiently. 
“We would like to reduce the nitrogen requirements so we 
can reduce the potential for pollution,” he says. His work shows 
that innovation can sometimes come from rediscovering useful 
traits agriculture left behind.
For Sorrells, however, his greatest legacy isn’t a variety or 
scientific publication. “The thing that I find most rewarding 
and really appreciate is being able to train young scientists to be 
successful plant breeders and contribute to feeding the world,” 
he says. 
Soybean breeder Rajcan shares that emphasis on mentor­
ship. Despite decades developing varieties and contributing to 
Canadian agriculture, he says, “To me, what’s more important 
is the graduate students that I’ve trained.” 
Together, their experiences show that the future of plant 
breeding depends as much on training the next generation as it 
does on advancing genetics and technology.
The 2027 NAPB meeting takes place at North Dakota 
State University in Fargo from June 24-28. Stay tuned to            
plantbreeding.org for info. 
Scan the QR code to watch interviews 
from this year’s NAPB meeting!

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