30   SEEDWORLD.COM/CANADA   JULY 2026
COVER CROP CORNER
MANY OF THE challenges producers face tend to 
repeat themselves. Herbicide-tolerant weeds, 
erosion, soil compaction, and high input costs 
are common frustrations. Sometimes these issues 
resolve on their own; other times, marketing 
offers a quick fix. The answer often seems simple: 
spend money and make the problem go away — 
at least temporarily.
But when we take a systems approach, the 
path to real, lasting solutions becomes clearer. In 
most cases, the problems we face originate from 
our own management, often compounded by 
environmental conditions. If management created 
the problem, continuing with the same practices 
certainly won’t fix it. As the old saying goes: if 
you find yourself in a hole, stop digging.
The first question should always be: are we 
treating a symptom, or the actual cause?
A symptom is merely a sign of an undesir­
able situation. A cause is what creates it. When 
we only treat symptoms, they may fade for a 
short time, but the underlying problem remains. 
Meaningful change requires identifying the cause 
and adjusting management, so the issue doesn’t 
return.
STOP TREATING SYMPTOMS: 
WHY FARM MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS NEED 
SYSTEMS-THINKING SOLUTIONS
By: Kevin Elmy
Elmy is founder of Cover 
Crops Canada. His book 
Cover Cropping in Western 
Canada is available 
through Friesen Press, 
Amazon, and digitally 
through Apple Books, 
Kindle, and Google Play. 
For more info on Cover 
Crops Canada visit 
covercrops.ca
Compaction: A Classic Case of Mistaking 
Symptom for Cause
Zero-till was once seen as the cure for soil 
compaction. While it helps slow further compac­
tion, it doesn’t eliminate the underlying issue. 
Common symptoms include hard soil, poor 
infiltration, shallow rooting, reduced nutrient 
efficiency, low beneficial organism populations, 
erosion, and declining yields.
Producers often respond with deep ripping or 
other one-step “solutions” that may provide tem­
porary relief. But compaction usually stems from 
deeper causes: excessive nitrogen use, over-tillage, 
limited functional plant diversity, removing resi­
due, and leaving soil bare for long periods. Solving 
compaction means working with natural processes 
— not fighting them.
A more complete solution might include a stra­
tegic rip combined with biological amendments 
like hydrolyzed fish and humic acid, followed 
by deep-rooted cover crops. It could also involve 
reevaluating fertilizer strategies, adding relay or 
perennial crops, increasing plant diversity, adjust­
ing tire pressures, and managing axle loads. The 
more causes you address, the better the results.
Weeds: Indicators, Not Enemies
Weeds are often treated like a problem to be 
eradicated, but they’re really indicators of soil 
conditions. They reflect our management choices. 
Jay McCaman’s When Weeds Talk offers valuable 
insight into why certain weeds appear — and 
what they’re telling us.
Many weeds are early-successional plants. 
Trees sit at the top of the succession ladder, while 
our crops fall somewhere in between. Elaine 
Ingham demonstrates this with the fungal-to-bac­
terial ratio, which shows where a plant commu­
nity lies on the succession scale. Importantly, this 
ratio fluctuates quickly, so it must be viewed as an 
average over the growing season.
Wild Oats: A Biological Issue, not a Chemical One
Wild oats fade when the fungal-to-bacterial ratio 
remains above 0.3. Achieving this means encour­
Wild oats fade when the fungal-to-bacterial ratio remains 
above 0.3.

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