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54 SEEDWORLD.COM JUNE 2015 the United States usually requires little more than a phytosani- tary certificate. The U.S. is probably one of the easiest countries to import seed into in the world. Most seed just needs a phytosanitary certificate saying its free from disease and pests. Usually seed is subjected to a visual inspection and released Dunkle says. But theres usually a lot of problems with seeds for re-export. Sending that same seed on to China could cause problems if China wasnt factored into the equation back in Chile. China could have a requirement that the United States does not such as a certain field inspection. If that inspection wasnt done China may not accept the seed. We have to say this is what we got from Chile and this is what China requires. Do they match Perry says. Even if those requirements dont match Dunkle suggests contacting ASTA or local USDA officials who can work with their international counterparts. It could still be possible to perform tests or treat the seed to appease the importing countrys requirements. The earlier were aware of that the more we can do to help resolve those problems Dunkle says. While getting seed into the U.S. is relatively straightforward Dunkle says USDA prohibits certain seed including rice seed from anywhere in the world corn seed from Africa and wheat seed from India. Permits can be obtained to bring in prohibited seed for research purposes. Expect The Unexpected It might seem like all the regulations permits and certificates are the tricky part. But at the end of the day knowing who youre selling to and what they plan to do with the seed can also be important. When youre new in an export market that is one of the first things Cull explains. Who do they know Who do they work with Cull says a trade partner could do several things that would be bad for a U.S. company. For example the importer could propagate the seed itself. Youre basically providing them with stock seed and its a one-time sale Cull says. He advises getting an attorney who can wade through the countrys laws to see what can and cant be part of the trade agreement. It might be possible to stipulate that the seed cannot be used for propagation. Its also possible that a The U.S. is probably one of the easiest countries to import seed into in the world. But theres usually a lot of problems with seeds for re-export. Ric Dunkle