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40 SEEDWORLD.COM JUNE 2015 Like in other parts of the globe pulses play an important role in the U.K. feed industry used heavily in livestock diets for pigs poultry and cattle as well as for pet food and for aquaculture. The key value of pulses in animal feed comes from their amino acids and from the energy supplied by carbohydrates. Theyre also a major food staple in the domestic and international markets in the U.K. Pulses are used as an ingredient in a variety of foods such as soups. The also form the base of traditional dishes in major pulse-consuming nations such as India the worlds biggest producer of pulses. Export Demand Unlike many major pulse-growing nations such as the Canada and the United States India consumes the majority of the pulses it grows shares Jackie Tenuta Pulse Canada director of market development. It has to import the rest. This presents opportunities for the North American pulse industry to grow its exports. Canada is a world leader in the pro- duction and export of pulse crops the Canadian Agri-Food Trade Alliance notes. Its the worlds biggest exporter of pulses. In 2012 Canada exported 3.4 million tonnes of pulses worth more than 1.8 billion and exports its pulses to more than 120 countries.Canadas largest pulse export markets are India 27 percent China 13 percent the U.S. 8 percent Bangladesh 6 percent and Turkey 4.4 percent. With a healthy export market to the developing world Pulse Canada is attempting to diversify its pulse market opportunities and get more consumers in the developed world eating the nutritious crop Tenuta says. It also wants to grow its domestic market. The U.S. and Canada have fairly low pulse consumption. The focus for us has been on increasing consumption in processed food as an ingredient. We see that as the next big demand push for our industry she says. From a marketing perspective we see the next frontier being the incorporation of pulses into more processed foods and increasing marketing potential in developed countries like the U.S. and European countries. Byron Lannoye general manager for seed company Pulse USA in North Dakota agrees that domestic demand for pulses will only rise. I think domestic demand will provide a stable base for the market he says. As pulse crops get introduced to the domestic food markets if it continues to increase like it is now we will more than likely have trouble supplying the demand if we can consume the products we pro- duce within our own states and provinces. The popularity of foods like hummus is creating demand for chickpeas in the United States. The latest U.S. Farm Bill includes two provisions intended to boost consumption of pulses including chick- peas peas and lentils. Pulses are a growing American industry Lannoye notes. Theres good work being done on wet rot on peas. With the wet weather that pulse growing areas can get weve had more problems with that Lannoye says. Were working to get varieties that are resistant to both strains of wet rot. Thats a big deal for us. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada AAFC researchers and their collabora- tors in six provinces have made significant contributions to pulse crop research and innovation in Canada. Research areas include breeding and genetic enhance- ment. Research has been carried out into new varieties that resist lodging and We see the next frontier being the incorporation of pulses into more processed foods and increasing marketing potential in developed countries. Jackie Tenuta Pulse crops will continue to grow in demand among domestic markets in the U.S. and Canada. Theres a reason theyve been called the perfect food he says. Not only are they highly nutritious they also happen to be gluten-free something a growing number of consumers look for in light of the popularity of gluten-free diets theyre also a blessing for growers. Pulse Canada notes that pulse crops use less water and can tolerate drought stress better than crops like wheat or canola. Pulse crops also use water in a different way than other crops grown in rotation extracting water from a shallower depth leaving more water deep in the soil for the following years cereal or oilseed crop. The water use characteristics of pulse crops effectively increases the water use effi- ciency of the entire crop rotation. Pulses are nitrogen-fixing crops and less energy is needed to grow them so they produce fewer greenhouse gas emissions Tenuta adds. Soil health is improved as a result. Future of Pulses As pulse demand grows new varieties are being developed to accommodate that increased demand. disease or have a shorter growing season AAFC notes. AAFC the University of Saskatchewan and University of Guelph developed the majority of new pulse varie- ties in Canada. Its not just Canada thats developing new pulse varieties. Two new varieties of chickpea developed by researchers at the University of Western Australia UWA are expected to take the Indian market by storm and turn the tide for an industry that has struggled to recover from a devastating disease that first hit the Western Australian crop in 1999 according to UWA. Ambar is an early flowering variety that gives competitive yields and has a high degree of ascochyta blight resist- ance. Neelam is a mid-flowering variety with a wide adaptation and has given outstanding grain yields at trials in Western Australia South Australia and Victoria. Both Ambar and Neelams resistance to the ascochyta blight has been veri- fied in other parts of Australia and India where pathogen population is much more diverse.As a result the need for little or no fungicide should significantly cut the cost of production UWA reports. SW