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SEPTEMBER 2015 SEEDWORLD.COM 67 REFERENCES Adesemoye A.O. Torbert H.A. and Kloepper J.W. 2009. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria allow reduced application rates of chemical fertilizers. Micro. Ecol. 58921-929. Alshammary S. F. Qian Y.L. and Wallner S.J. 2004. Growth response of four turfgrass species to salinity. Agricultural Water Management 66 97-111. Brem D. and Leuchtmann A. 2001. Epichlo grass endophytes increase herbivore resistance in woodland grass Brachypodium sylvaticum. Oecologia 126 522530. Burelle-Kokalis N. Vavrina C.S. Reddy M.S. and Kloepper J.W. 2003. Amendment of muskmelon and watermelon transplant media with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria effects on seedling quality disease and nematode resistance. Hort Technology 13 476-482. Carroll G. 1988. Fungal endophytes in stems and leaves From latent pathogen to mutualistic symbiont. Ecology 69 2-9. Chen X. H. Koumoutsi A. Scholz R. Schneider K. Vater J. Sussmuth R. Piel J. and Borriss R. 2009. Genome analysis of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42 reveals its potential for biocontrol of plant pathogens. J Biotechnol 1401-2 27-37. Chen X. H. Vater J. Piel J. Franke P. Scholz R. Schneider K. Koumoutsi A. Hitzeroth G. Grammel N. Strittmater A. Gottschalk G. Sussmuth R. and Borriss R. 2006. Structural and functional characterization of three polyketide synthase gene clusters in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB 42. J Bacteriol 18811 4024-4036. Chowdhury S. P. Dietel K. Randler M. Schmid M. Junge H. Borriss R. Hartmann A. and Grosch R.2013. Effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42 on lettuce growth and health under pathogen pressure and its impact on the rhizosphere bacterial community. PLoS One 87 e68818. Gutirrez-Maero F. J. Ramos-Solano B. Probanza A. Mehouachi J. R. Tadeo F. and Talon M. 2001. The plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus licheniformis produce high amounts of physiologically active gibberellins. Physiol Plant 111 206-211. Kuldau G. and Bacon C. 2008. Clavicipitaceous endophytes Their ability to enhance resistance of grasses to multiple stresses. Biological Control 461 57-71. Qian Y. L. 2003. Salt tolerance should be considered when choosing Kentucky bluegrass varieties. Turfgrass Trends June 2003 60-64. White J. F. Torres M. S. Sullivan R. F. Jabbour R. E. Chen Q. Tadych M. Irizarry I. Bergen M. S. Havkin-Frenkel D. and Belanger F. C. 2014. Microscopy research and technique Occurrence of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens as a systemic endophyte of vanilla orchids. Microsc. Res. Tech. William A. Meyer Torres M.S. and White J.F. 2012. Biology and applications of fungal endophytes in turfgrasses. Turfgrass Biology use and management. John Stier Brian Horgan and Stacy Bonos American Society of Agronomy 713-731. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain SF2 and Bacillus pumilus strain SF3 have much better growth than the control Figure 3. All these results showed that our bacterial endophytes isolated from turf grasses increase the seed germination rate and promote the seedling growth under high salinity conditions. Another test on corn data not shown demonstrated that the bac- terial endophytes from turf Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain SF2 Bacillus pumilus strain SF3 Pantoea agglom- erans strain T and strain TF promoted root growth of corn. Based on experiments to date it seems evident that bacterial endo- phytes have potential to promote growth and stress tolerance in turf grasses. Our future research will be to 1 Develop seed treatments for commer- cial use of Bacillus endophytes in turf and 2 Evaluate how bacteria alter salt stress tolerance in turf grasses.