for applying biologicals to agri- culture crops. Biologicals used in agricul- ture are microscopic organisms, usually bacteria, fungi or yeast. They can also be naturally- occurring substances derived from plant extracts or hydro- lyzed proteins and amino acids. The soil provides an ideal environment for biological seed treatments to grow and become part of the root’s rhizobiome and available to be absorbed by the roots. Close proximity to emerg- ing roots gives seed treatment biologicals a head start. Biological products are effective as they can assist in reducing plant damage caused by pathological fungi and other pests. They can also enhance nutrient availability and uptake which improves overall productivity and health of the crop. Common Biologicals Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a widely-used biopesticide that was discovered in 1901 by Japanese biologist. Bt pro- duces a protein that damages digestive systems of targeted insect pests. Trichoderma is a genus of fungi present in all soils. The genomes of several Trichoderma JANUARY 2018 SEEDWORLD.COM / 23 BASF Velondis™ biofungicude (Bacillus subtilis) suppresses key soil-borne fungal pathogens, a benefit that complements other seed- applied chemical treatments. “Biologicals and chemicals can work together to give growers broader protection, an extended application window, and better management of resistance and residues.” — Mark Howieson