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44IEUROPEANSEEDIEUROPEAN-SEED.COMINDUSTRYNEWSanothergeneration.Astheclimatechangesthesweetspotorseedscomesearlierintheyearsorstfowersbloomcorrespondinglyearliertoo.TheresearchwhichreceivedundingromtheBiotechnologyandBiologicalResearchCouncilBBSRCandwaspublishedineLieusedcomputermodelstounderstandthegrowthstrategyoArabidopsisthaliana.TheEuropeanTechnologyPlatormPlantsortheFuturePlantETPorgan-isedahigh-levelconerencetopresentitsthreeActionPlansinBrussels.Plantbreed-ersarmersandpublicresearchersworkedtogetherwithintherameworkothePlantETPtodevelopjointsolutionstobetterrespondtospecicchallengesandworkorsupportiveandclearpolicies.TheseActionPlansmustbeunderstoodasanintegratedstrategicapproachorEuropetoaddressprincipalchallengessuchasoodsecurityhealthydietsandclimatechangewiththehelpoitsbreedingsectorstatedGarlichvonEssensecretary-generaloEuropeanSeedAssociation.MembersotheEuropeanParliamentCommissionOcialsandrepre-sentativesromtheMemberStatestogetherwiththestakeholdersothePlantETPdis-cussedthepossiblesolutionsthatresearchandinnovationcouldprovideandhowtheEuropeanplantbreedingsectorcanplayakeyroleinrespondingtosocietalchallenges.EuropeanleaderswerecalledupontolendmoresupporttothesectorandcreatetheappropriateregulatoryrameworktomaintainEuropesgloballeadershipandtoallowplantbreederstoputonthemarketinnovativeprod-uctsrespondingtoconsumersneeds.AresearchteamromtheHuazongAgriculturalUniversityinChinastudiedtheexpressionoRNAintererenceRNAisequencesromaFusariumgraminearumvirulencegenechitinsynthaseChs3btoenhancewheatresistancetousariumheadblightFHBandusariumseedlingblightFSB.ThreeRNAiconstructswereoundtosilenceChs3bintransgenicF.gramine-arumstrains.Thesewerethenexpressedintwotransgenicwheatlines.ThetransgenicsexhibitedhighlevelsoresistancetoFHBandFSB.ThethreeRNAipresentinthetransgenicwheatecientlydown-regulatedtheChs3bexpressioninthepathogen.Resultsshowthathost-inducedgenesilencingoanessen-tialungalchitinsynthasegeneisaneectivestrategyorenhancingresistanceinplants.KansasStateUniversityscientistshavereleasedndingsoacomplextwo-yearstudyothegenomicdiversityowheatthatcreatesanimportantoundationorutureimprove-mentsinwheataroundtheworld.Theirworkhasproducedtheirsthaplotypemapowheatthatprovidesdetailedadescriptionogeneticdierencesinaworldwidesampleowheatlines.Allothesenewgenomic-basedstrategiesobreedingpromisetosignii-cantlyacceleratebreedingcyclesandshortenreleasetimeouturewheatvarietiessaysEduardAkhunovassociateproessoroplantpathologyandtheprojectsleader.Akhunovsaidthehaplotypemapgivesscientistsquickaccesstorichgeneticvariationdatathatincreasestheprecisionomappinggenesinthewheatgenomeandimprovesscientistsabilitytoselectthebestlinesinbreedingtrials.TheprojectwascoordinatedthroughtheInternationalWheatGenomeSequencingConsortiumandincludedgroupsinCanadaAustraliatheU.K.andtheU.S.AnewreportAgriculturalInoculantsMarketbyTypeSourceModeoApplicationCropTypeandGeographyGlobalTrendsForecaststo2019publishedbyMarketsandMarketsprojectstheagriculturalinoculantsmarkettoreach398.56millionby2019withacompoundannualgrowthrateCAGRo9.5percentrom2014.LatinAmericaisprojectedtoemergeastheastestgrowingregionwithaCAGRoapproximately10percentrom2014to2019.Accordingtotheauthorsagriculturalinoculantsaregainingpopularitybecauseotheirmulti-unctionalbenetstoplantsinsustainableagriculture.Growthotheagriculturalinoculantsmarketisprimarilytriggeredbyactorssuchasriseincostanddemandorchemicalmineralertilisersandpesticidesandincreasingawarenessaboutorganicarmingpractices.Eventhoughthereareanumberoproductsavailableinthemarkettheinoculantsmarketisunder-exploredaccordingtotheauthorsothereport.Lackoawarenessamongthearmersandprevailingproblemswithinmarketinganddistributionarerestrictingtheavailabilityoinoculantsatthearmlevel.AccordingtoBCCResearchsnewreportAgriculturalBiotechnologyEmergingTechnologiesandGlobalMarketstheglobalmarketoragbiotechnologyisexpectedtogrowtoUS46.8billionby2019withave-yearcompoundannualgrowthrateCAGRo11percent.ThebiotechnologytoolscategorytheastestgrowingsegmentothemarketismovingataCAGRo49.9percent.RapidchangesinhighlytechnicaleldssuchasDNAsequencinggenomeeditingandsyntheticbiologyaredrivingnewproductsandapplica-tionsinagricultureaccordingtotheauthors.Genomic-enabledproductsthelargestseg-mentotheoverallmarketincludetransgenicseedsandsyntheticbiology-enabledproductswhichuseplanteed-stocks.ThissegmentisexpectedtoreachUS38.6billionin2019toregisteraCAGRo10percent.KeeleUniversityandRussellIPMLtdintheUnitedKingdomhavebeenawardedund-ingoraKnowledgeTranserPartnershiptodesignimprovedtrapsorthecontrolothripsandwhitefiesthathaveahugeimpactonglobaloodproduction.Westernlowerthripscauseextensivenanciallossesoatleast3000perhectareperseasontosotruitgrowers.Themarketislargeandwith4969hectaresostrawberriesgrowninBritainthecostodamageinthatareaalonecouldrunto15millioneachyear.Whitefyattacksvegetablesgrowningreenhousesandopen-eldcrops.Therearearound57white-fyspeciesthatareparticularlydamagingtocropsnotonlybyeedingontheplantsthem-selvesbutbycarryingdisease-causingvirusesaswell.KeelescientistsledbyWilliamKirkandproessorGordonHamiltonintheSchooloLieScienceswillworkwithRussellIPMLtdduringthetwo-yearpartnershiptotranserknowledgeandskillstothecompanytoimprovetrapsorthecontrolothripsandwhitefiesingreenhousecrops.ExpertsromtheUnitedKingdomandIndiaareworkingtogethertoidentiyanddevelopnovelenvironmentallysustaina-blestrategiestocontrolplantpestsknownasplant-parasiticnematodesoreelwormstoensureglobaloodproductionandsecu-rity.ThisprojectisundedbytheU.K.-IndiaEducationandResearchInitiativeUKIERI.Plant-parasiticnematodesarethoughttocauseannuallossestocropsintheregiono77billionto100billionglobally.Sincethemiddleothe20thcenturythesecroppestshavebeencontrolledthroughtheuseosyn-theticpesticides.StillthesearesomeothemostenvironmentallytoxiccompoundsusedinagricultureandlegislationprohibitstheiruseinmanypartsotheworldincludingEuropeandtheU.S.Hencelessenvironmen-tallyharmulmethodsocontrolarerequired.BothIndiaandtheU.K.haveaproblemwithpotatocystnematodeswhichhasaseriousimpactonthepotatocropseachyear.Thisprojectistodevelopnaturalsolutionstocon-trolthesepestsonthisimportantstaplecropsaysKeithDaviesseniorlecturerinappliednematologyattheUniversityoHertordshire.ThenewlyormedUnitedKingdom-basedNorwichRustGroupaimstodevelopdura-bleresistanceincrops.Exploitingadvancesingenomicsscientistswillinvestigatehowpara-siticrustungiinvadeandeedoplants.Theywillalsousethesenewtechniquestolocategenesinsomevarietiesocropsthatareabletoresistinvasion.Therearemorethan7000speciesorustungicausingdiseasessuchaswheatstemrustwheatyellowstriperustAsiansoybeanrustandcoeerust.TheNorwichRustGroupiscomprisedoPetervanEsseKseniaKrasilevaMatthewMoscouBenjaminPetre