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OCTOBER 2015 SEEDWORLD.COM 43 Designed to set the standard for plant growth the Percival LED Series offers research chambers that allow for specific control over the one research variable that has eluded precision light MULTI-SPECTRUM LAMP BANK The LED Series provides the correct spectral quality at the correct irradiance with exceptional environmental control every time Helping You Create Better Science www.percival-scientific.com Featuring LED Multi-Spectrum Lamp Bank LEDSeries THE lishment. An essential aspect of their contribution is to provide input on strategic orientations. For exam- ple their input was critical at the beginning as it was necessary to decide which wheat variety should be sequenced. Bread wheat was selected as that is the variety grown by 95 percent of the farmers. Simultaneously seed companies wanted access to the sequence of bread wheat rather than that of wild diploid wheat because they wanted tools that could have a direct immediate impact on their wheat breeding programs. Another contribution is financial. By paying an annual sponsorship fee to the IWGSC seed companies and grower organizations enable the professional management of the consortium the organization of workshops and the development of communication materials to provide platforms for developing and advancing projects. Finally seed companies can support pro- jects directly if they wish to accelerate the global achievement of the objectives. For example in 2011 Graminor and Biogemma provided the first funding support for the draft sequencing of the 21 chromo- somes while Bayer CropScience provided 1 million euros in 2014 to achieve the physical maps. In return for their support seed companies and grower organizations are part of the coordinating committee and have pre-publication access to all data which can greatly accelerate the implemen- tation of the sequence-based resources into their own breeding programs. Varietal improvements based on data from IWGSC projects are emerging already. For example CDC Fortitude a new durum wheat cultivar was developed by a team at the University of Saskatchewan Crop Development Centre in Canada in part using DNA markers that were identified from early access to the reference sequence of chromosome 3B. Moreover about a dozen genes related to controlling traits involved in the resistance to pathogens drought tolerance and yield are being isolated currently using the refer- ence sequence information of chromosome 3B. Ultimately growers will benefit from the work of the consortium by having access to new varieties faster and having access to those that are developed with tech- nologies not yet accessible in wheat. Having an enabling tool such as a reference sequence will increase future investments in wheat breeding for the benefit of growers because companies will have a better mechanism for value capture. Its been a challenge to secure funding for sequencing the wheat genome. In contrast to other sequencing projects the IWGSC has not been allocated a lump sum for the whole sequencing project but has had to work with project leaders all over the world to secure funding from national agencies and private companies. During the past 10 years the IWGSC has raised approximately 50 million euros for physical mapping and sequencing pro- jects. About 11.5 million euros in funding is still needed to produce assemble and make available all remaining sequence data. Provided that funding is secured soon the IWGSC antici- pates that a high-quality genome sequence for bread wheat could be publicly available by 2018. SW